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Welcome To Nigeria
 


(Federal Republic of Nigeria) LOCATION: West Africa INDEPENDENCE:1st October 1960 CAPITAL CITY:Abuja POPULATION:120 million IMPORTANT CITIES: Abuja,Lagos,Ibadan,Kano,Zaria,Ife,Abeokuta HEAD OF STATE:

Olusegun Obasanjo AREA:923,770,sq.km TYPE OF GOVERNMENT:

Democratically elected CURRENCY:21 NAIRA=1USD MAJOR PEOPLES:

Yoruba,Igbo,Fulani,Hausa RELIGION:Muslim 50%,Christian

40%,African religion 10% CLIMATE:Tropical to arid LITERACY:

68% OFFICIAL LANGUAGE:English PRINCIPAL LANGUAGES:Yoruba, Hausa,Ibo,Fulfulde MAJOR EXPORTS:Oil,Minerals.

Fatherland

Though in hardship we many suffer,
We assure tomorrow by steadfast work,
As a breed of people never subdued.
Though our country's name is tarnished,
By few of us in unpopular ventures,
We remain achievers across the world,
For most of us are true good men,
Revered by those who really know us.
Though in tribe and tongue we may differ,
And though in the past, we fought a war,
We stand stronger in pending freedom,
Cherishing the labor of our heroes past,
In loving strength and faith united,
To uphold that honor and that glory,
Of a people diverse but industrious,
And yes we're called the Nigerians.
This fatherland and native country
Of plentiful rain and moderate climate
Endowed with nature's own blessings,
Allowing production of diverse food,
Oil and gas and major minerals,
Blended with a populous citizenry,
This is my own dear native land,
And with God in it we proudly stand.

-DDK(Debo Dabi Kanyinsola)

Nigeria,an interesting unexplored paradise. A country with vibrant diverse cultures, exciting festivals, scintillating dances, rich history, equatorial forests, clean unspoilt beaches,

exotic landscapes, cascading waterfalls, towering rocks, rolling hills, ancient caves and hospitable people. Nigeria offers a wide variety of tourist attractions such as extended and roomy river and ocean beaches ideal for swimming and other water sports, unique wildlife, vast tracts of unspoiled nature

ranging from tropical forest, magnificent waterfalls, some new rapidly growing cities and climatic conditions in some parts particularly conducive to holidaying. Other attractions include traditional ways of life preserved in local customs; rich and varied handicrafts and other colourful products depicting or illustrative of native arts and lifestyle, and the authentic unsophisticated but friendly attitude of many in the Nigerian population.

However, many of these attractions are still largely untapped and even at their raw states, they are still being enjoyed by few outsiders, either very rich visitors in quest of exoticism or adventurous people in search of new challenges and experiences. )




Prsident Bill Clinton 's visit to Nigeria
  --

Lagos city
Lagos is an ancient city and one of the most popular in Africa. The City is the commercial capital of Nigeria.. It is ideal for business people to see the numerous markets in Lagos and understand the kind of demand the Nigeria market offers their product and services. For tourists, it is ideal for water sports and shopping .   --


The National Museum,Iganmu,Lagos


Bar beach
Bar Beach, also known as Victoria Beach, is the most popular beach among Nigerians. The main beach on Victoria Island is located along Ahmadu Bello  --

COCONUT BEACH
Coconut Beach is a beautiful beach in the coastal town of Badagry, west of Lagos. The beach is attractively set in an area surrounded by coconut trees. About 20 miles towards the border of Nigeria and the Republic of Benin, Coconut Beach is accessible through the Lagos-Badagry expressway. Visitors will find a friendly relaxed atmosphere. .   --




IKOGOSI AND WAKKI WARM SPRINGS
Visitors can enjoy cool dips in the naturally heated swimming pool at Ikogosi and Wakki warm springs.







Lekki Beach

There are several beaches along the Lekki Peninsula, the foremost being Lekki Beach, located a few miles from the city center. Lekki Beach is another of Lagos¡¦attractive beaches and remains popular with foreign tourists. Beach shelters made of palm fronds and umbrellas, available for rent, keep the sun at bay, as well as provide a place to enjoy snacks or refreshments sold by local traders



Eleko Beach
Opened in 1989, Eleko is the newest of Lagos ¡¦Beaches, down the Lekki Peninsula about 30 miles from Lagos. There are no traders and no distractions on Eleko Beach, just peace and tranquillity, ideal for those seeking privacy.





Tarkwa Bay beach,Lagos
A sheltered beach along the Lagos harbor. It is accessible by a boat from Maroko or Lekki-boat from under Falomo Bridge on Victoria Island.

This beach provides a pleasant outing with safe swimming conditions, even for small children. Tourist may obtain deck chairs and an awning on the beach, for relaxed, casual comfort. Local yen dots sell delicious pineapples, coconuts and variety of other delightful treats.






Calabar Beach
This superb beach, at the mouth of the new Calabar River, is about 2 miles long and 500 feet wide, uninhabited save for a solitary fisherman hut. The

beach is virtually isolated and lends visitors the luxury of privacy in a beautiful setting off the beaten path. Since the beach is flanked by a swamp and can only be reached by boat or canoe, getting there is half the fun and enhances one's fascination with this enchanted locale.





MAMBILLA PLATEAU
The Mambilla Plateau, in the southeast corner of Taraba State, shares a border with Cameroon. A high grassland plateau averaging about 1800 meters, it is scenic, cool and a pleasant change from the heat and humidity of Lagos. Because the roads are still under construction, a sport utility vehicle or jeep is recom­mended and visitors should pack essentials, camping equipment and food. As an option, there are a few hotels on the plateau.
The Park provides an attractive setting, well worth a visit. Mambilla has cattle ranches, tea plantations and rolling, grassy hills. It is different from the rest of Nigeria with regard to flora and fauna and is home to some rare species of birds and animals, especially at the Gashaka-Gumti National Park.
There is a major road to Mambilla from Lagos, Benin City, Onitsha, Enugu, Otukpo, Yandev, Katsina Ala, Wukari, Mutum Biyu, Bali, Serti and Gembu. You can also fly into Yola Airport, then drive a few miles south to Mambilla.






YANKARI GAME RESERVE
The Yankari National Park is the premier game reserve in Nigeria. Yankari Park and Wikki Warm Springs are located around the Gagi River, approximately 1 1/2 hours by road, southeast of Bauchi Town. The beauty and size of The Yankari Game Reserve make it the most pop­ular reserve in Nigeria. Set up in 1956 and opened to the public in 1962, the main game-viewing areas of the reserve are open all year round. Japanese, Western Europeans, Americans and Southeast Asian tourists visit this park in abundance. The reserve covers 2,058 sq. km. of savanna wood­land and is well-stocked with elephants, baboons, waterbucks, bushbucks, oribi, crocodile, hippopotamus, roan antelope, buffalo and various types of monkeys. Lions are occasionally spotted as well, despite their natural cam­ouflage. The best time to visit is between November and May, when tourists are likely to see more game since the dense vegetation has dried out and the animals congregate around the rivers. The Wikki Warm Springs is one of the best features of the game reserves. Flood-lit at night, it is wonderful after a hot day¡Çs game-viewing to relax in the warm water. The spring gushes out from under a cliff, where the water is at least 6 ft. deep, with a bathing area that extends for 600 ft. to an open area. The park is inhabited by a variety of birds, including the huge sad­dlebill stork, golliath heron, bateleur eagle, vultures, kingflshers, bee-eaters and more. It is excellent for serious bird-watchers. Other facilities include: Tennis courts, squash courts, a small museum in the reception area plus gas stations with convenience stores at Wikki Camp and Bauchi. Reservations: It is advisable to make reservation during the holidays and weekends with Easter a particularly busy season. Reservations can be made at Durbar Hotel in Kaduna, Bauchi State House in Lagos and at the Zaranda Hotel in Bauchi. Or call Yankari Game Reserve at (069) 43-656. Route: You can travel by road from Lagos to Abuja, where you make an overnight stop, then on to Jos and Bauchi, as it is a 2-day journey by car over well-maintained roads




IBO(IGBO)
Living mainly in the forested areas of south-west Nigeria,on both sides of the Niger River the Ibo number some ten million individuals.Mainly farmers and merchants,they also hunt and fish.
They are subdivided into thirty subgroups and are spread out among about two hundred vilages scattered through the thick forest or semifertile marshland Only on the northern and western edges of the area,under influence from Igala and Benin,are hereditary rulers found.
The heads of families form the council of elders,which shares its power with numerous secret societies.These societes excercise great political and social influence.
They are highly hierarchical,their members passing from one level to the next.There is strong social pressure toward individual distinction,and men can move upward through successive grades by demonstrating their achievements and their generosity.
The Eastern Ibo are best known for masquerades associated with the havest festival,in which the forms of the masks are determined by tradition,though the content of the play varies from year to year



..
HAUSA
The Northern Nigeria,origin myths among the Hausa claim that their founder,Bayajidda,came from the east in an effort to escape his father.He eventually came to Gaya,where he employed some blacksmiths to fashion a knife for him.With his knife he procceded to Daura where he freed the people from the opressive nature of a sacred snake who guarded thier well and prevented them from getting water six days out of the week.The queen of Daura gave herself in marriage to Bayajidda to show her appreciation.The two gave birth to seven healthy sons,each of whom ruled the seven city states that make up Hausaland.
The rise of the Hausa states occurred between 500 and 700 A.D.,but it wasnot until 1200 that they really began to control the region.The history of the area is intricately tied to Islam and the Fulani who wrestled political power from the Hausa in the early 1800s through a series of holy wars.Since the beginning of Hausa history,the seven states of Hausaland divided up production and labor activities in accordance with their location and natural resources.Kano and Rano were known as the "Chiefs of Indigo".Cotton grew readily in the great plains of these states,and they became primary producers of cloth,weaving and dying it before sending it off in caravans to the other states within Hausaland.Leadership in the early Hausa states was based on ancestry.Those who could trace their relations back to Bayajidda were considered royal.




GASHAKA-GUMTI NATIONAL PARK

This is a vast land of spectacular wilderness (6,000 sq. kin) in the southeast corner of Taraba State, adjoin­ing the Mambilla Plateau.
Mostly mountainous, from 457 to 2407 meters, it contains Nigeria¡Çs highest mountain, Chapal Waddi (2409m). It is the most ecologically diverse conservation area in the country and contains swaths of guinea savanna, gallery forest, moist forest, mountain forest and grassland. Many rivers flow through the park, including the Taraba, a major tributary of the River Benue.
A wide variety of animal life can be found, including buffalo, antelope, chimpanzee, colobus monkey, hippopotamus, hyena, giant forest hog, lion and leopard. The park is a birdwatcher ¡Çs paradise with a wide variety of species, and there is excellent fishing in the River Kam.
The reserve headquarters is in the Forest Rest Houses at Serti, on the main road between Bali and Mambilla Plateau
These rest houses provide self-catering accommodation at a small fee. The entrance to the park is about 15 km south of Serti. In the dry season, it is possible to drive to the former headquarters at Gashaka village, some 30 km from the entrance gate, where more self-catering accommodation is available.
The park is best explored on foot and it is possible to hire game guards; guides and porters are available at Serti or in Gashaka village.


Olumo Rock
Abeokuta, the capital of Ogun state, lies on the Ogun river amid rugged, rocky hills, and has an intriguing array of markets which sell a wide range of exotic goods. Abeokuta means under the rocks derived from the Olumo Rock the town most famous landmark. Olumo Rock, sacred to the Egba people, is on the east side of the Ogun river. Visitors should engage a guide from the tourist center at the bottom of the rock where one can explore the caves used as sanctuary during the Yoruba civil war. At the rock summit, visitors can enjoy good views of Abeokuta and the Ogun River.

Argungu Fishing Festival

  -- Argungu Fishing Festival, one of the most popular tourist attractions in Nigeria. Held annually, it attracts competitors from neighboring Niger and Chad Republics, plus many visitors from all over the world.





BIDA
Bida is a lively town, famous for its handicrafts and colorful market, and is the principal city of the Nupe people. Bida is famous for its glass beads, cloths, silver and brass work, it's carved 8-legged stools made from a single piece of wood, and decorative pottery. Bida's market truly stands out as a traditional showcase of local commerce in Nigeria.






Mandara Mountains
The Gwoza Hills are breathtaking. They are located southeast of Maiduguri, and southeast of the village of Gwoza Valley, along the Cameroon border.


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SABUWARKOFA

Jos has always been a popular destination for tourists due to its height above sea level (4062 feet). Jos has two golf courses, Rayfield and Plateau, plus a polo club and other sports/entertainment offerings. The National Museum in Jos is one of the best in Nigeria, especially for archaeology and pottery, where many fine examples of Nok heads and artifacts, circa 500 BC- 200 AD, are displayed. The Pottery Hall has an exceptional collection of finely crafted pottery from allover the country. On the same grounds, the Museum of Architecture contains life-size replicas of Nigerian architecture, from the walls of Kano to the Mosque at Zaria to a Tiv village.   --



CROSS RIVER NATIONAL PARK
The Cross River National Park was created from two existing forest reserves of Bashi-Okwango and Oban Forest Resveres. It is famous for its unique rain forest vegetation which, according to conservation experts, is some of the richest in Africa. This park contains the last remaining rain forest in Nigeria, which is being preserved with the help of the Nigerian Conservation Foundation. It has a herd of forest elephants, the white-faced monkey (indigenous to Nigeria only), buffalo, leopards and lowland gorillas, besides over a thousand other animal species.

The park has a tropical climate characterized by a rainy season between April and October and a dry season between November and April. The moist green vegetation cover makes the for­est an excellent place to see birds and butterflies.




ABOUT YORUBA
Yoruba is one of the three main languages of Nigeria. There are about 20 million speakers of the language in the south western part of Nigeria. It has about twenty dialects which show phonological and lexical differences. Some of these dialects are also spoken around the border of Nigeria and the Republic of Benin and part of Togo. The language has also survived in Cuba (where it is called Lukumi) and in Brazil (where it is called Nago).
Yoruba is the first language of approximately 30 million West Africans, and is spoken by populations in Southwestern Nigeria, Togo, Benin, and Sierra Leone.

In Yoruba mythology the city of Ile-Ife is the navel of the world, ¡¦the place where creation took place and the tradition of kingship began. There it was that the gods Oduduwa and Obatala descended from the heaven to create earth and its inhabitants. Oduduwa himself became the first ruler, oni, of Ile-Ife. To this day Yoruba kings trace ancestry to Oduduwa. Of all the centers of African art, there is none so remarkable for extraordinary accomplishments in many fields of art as the ancient town of Ife, the ritual center of the great Yoruba tribe of western Nigeria. Ife gave its name to this art. Ife art includes terra-cotta and bronze heads and busts, stone sculpture, stools and religious pieces carved in quartz, monumental granite monoliths, statues of humans and animals. Both the terra-cotta and bronze pieces belong to a series that has been interpreted by some specialists as idealized portraits, and occasionally a bust or a head has been identified as that of an oni or a dignitary. They date from 12th to the 15th. Ife style is reminiscent of that of Benin, which flourished in the 16th century. The bronze heads were cast by the melted wax method; their dimensions are near life-size and on some the whole facial area is covered with close parallel lines which, it is thought, may represent body marks of a particular kind. Surrounding the mouth and along the lower jaw, and also on top of the head, there are irregularly placed holes. It is assumed that these were for the purpose of adorning the head with some necklace-like ornament, marking the hair, beard and mustaches. Despite the disappearance of the people responsible for the ancient Ife art, people living on its territory continued to produce artwork inspired by the original masterpieces discovered during archeological excavations.
The Yoruba people, numbering over 12 million, are the largest nation in Africa with an art-producing tradition. Most of them live in southwest Nigeria, with considerable communities further west in the Republic of Benin and in Togo. They are divided into approximately twenty separate subgroups, which were traditionally autonomous kingdoms. Excavation at Ife of life-sized bronze and terracotta heads and full-length figures of royalty and their attendants have startled the world, surpassing in their portrait-like naturalism everything previously known from Africa. The cultural and artistic roots of the Ife masters of the Classical Period (ca. 1050¡¦500) lie in the more ancient cultural center of Nok to the northeast, though the precise nature of this link remains obscure.
Now two-third of the Yoruba are farmers. Even if they live in the city, they keep a hut close to the fields; they grow corn, beans, cassava, yams, peanuts, coffee and bananas. It is they who control the markets -- along with the merchants and artisans: blacksmiths, copper workers, embroideries, and wood sculptors, trades handed down from generation to generation.
The Yoruba gods form a true pantheon; the creator god, Olodumare, reigns over almost four hundred orisha (deities) and nature spirits who live among the rocks, trees, and rivers. Their figures, more often of Sango, deity of thunder and lightning are carved from wood and kept in shrines. Sculptors have studios in which apprentices learn the techniques of the master and his stylistic preferences.
Throughout Yorubaland, human figures are represented in a fundamentally naturalistic way, except for bulging eyes; flat, protruding, and usually parallel lips; and stylized ears. Within the basic canon of Yoruba sculpture, many local styles can be distinguished, down to the hand of the individual artist.
The arts of the Yoruba are as numerous as their deities, and many objects are placed on shrines to honor the gods and the ancestors. Beautiful sculpture abounds in wood and brass and the occasional terracotta. Varied masking traditions have resulted in a great diversity of mask forms. Additional important arts include pottery, weaving, beadworking and metalsmithing.
The oral history of the Yoruba describes an origin myth, which tells of God lowering a chain at Ile-Ife, down which came Oduduwa, the ancestor of all people, bringing with him a cock, some earth, and a palm kernel.
The earth was thrown into the water, the cocked scratched it to become land, and the kernel grew into a tree with sixteen limbs, representing the original sixteen kingdoms.
The empire of Oyo arose at the end of the 15th century aided by Portuguese guns. Expansion of the kingdom is associated with the acquisition of the horse.
At the end of the 18th century civil war broke out at Oyo, the rebels called for assistance to the Fulani, but the latter ended up conquering all of Oyo by the 1830s.
The Fulani invasion pushed many Yoruba to the south where the towns of Ibadan and Abeokuta were founded. In the late 1880s, with the help of a British mediator, a treaty was signed between the various warring factions. Yorubaland was officially colonized by the British in 1901, but a system of indirect rule was established that mimicked the structure of Yoruba governance

Historically, the Yoruba were primarily farmers, growing cocoa and yams as cash crops. These are planted in a three-year rotational system, alternating with cassava and a year of diverse crops including maize, peanuts, cotton, and beans.
At the end of this three-year cycle the land is left fallow, sometimes for seven years.
It is estimated that at one time nearly 70 percent of people participated in agriculture and ten percent each working as crafts people and traders within the towns.
Yorubaland is characterized by numerous densely populated urban centers with surrounding fields for farming. The centralization of wealth within cities allowed for the development of a complex market economy which encouraged extensive patronage of the arts.

The political and social systems vary greatly in different regions, and allegiance is uniformly paid to the large urban center in the area, rather than to a singular centralized authority.
Each town has a leader (Oba), who may achieve his position in several different ways including inheritance, gaining the position through participation in title associations, or being personally selected by an Oba already in power.
Every Oba, however, is considered to be a direct descendant of the founding Oba in each city. A council of chiefs usually assists the Oba in his decisions. Title associations, such as the ogboni, play an important role in assigning and balancing power within the cities. .
The Yoruba claim that they have 401 deities; in truth, there are more than these. The complexity of their cosmology has led Western scholars to compare them to the Ancient Greeks and their impressive pantheon.
Yoruba deities are known as orisha, and the high god is Olorun. No organized priesthoods or shrines exist in honor of Olorun, but his spirit is invoked to ask for blessings and to confer thanks.
The Yoruba believe that when they die they enter the realm of the ancestors where they still have influence on earth.
Annual homage is paid to the grave sites of ones' forbears, and lineage heads are responsible for honoring all deceased members of the lineage through a yearly sacrifice. Maskers (egungun) appear at funerals and are believed to embody the spirit of the deceased person.
Other important orishas include Eshu, the trickster; Shango, the god of thunder; and Ogun, the god of iron and modern technology.

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